The CIRBE threshold is €1,000 per institution
Risk reports include transactions from institutions declaring accumulated exposure of €1,000 or more. For periods before January 2021 the threshold was €9,000, so a small old debt may not appear.
Services · CIRBE
Everything the banks know about your debts, in a single document
The CIRBE is the Bank of Spain register where every lender declares how much credit you hold. It is free, it is yours, and almost nobody asks for it until a bank says no. We help you obtain it, understand it and correct it if something is wrong.
Administrative assistance service. General information, not individualised legal advice.
What it actually is
The Bank of Spain’s Central Credit Register (CIR, known as CIRBE) records the loans, credit lines, cards, guarantees and other exposures that financial institutions declare in your name. It is governed by Bank of Spain Circular 1/2013 of 24 May.
And what it is NOT: it is not a defaulters’ list
This is the most widespread confusion. The CIRBE is not a defaulters’ file: it does not record missed payments, it records debt. Appearing on it is entirely normal — if you have a mortgage, you are on it. What a bank reads there is not “this client does not pay” but “this client already owes this much”. That is why it matters to know what it says before applying for credit.
What appears in your report
1
Transactions from €1,000 of accumulated exposure per institution. That threshold applies from January 2021; in reports for earlier periods it was €9,000, so a small old debt may not appear.
2
Direct and indirect exposure. Indirect is the one nobody expects: if you guaranteed someone else’s loan, your name is there. Many people discover in their CIRBE a guarantee they had forgotten — or never understood they had signed.
3
Two formats: the detailed report, identifying every institution and transaction, and the aggregate one, giving balances by product type without naming banks. For working on your case, the detailed one is what serves.
When you will need it
- Before applying for a mortgage or loan, to know what the bank will see before it sees it.
- If you have been refused credit without being told why.
- To rebuild your full list of creditors — the first document of any fresh-start insolvency file.
- To check whether you are still recorded as someone’s guarantor.
- After paying off a debt, to verify the lender has actually reported it.
How to request it (and the cost: none)
1
Online, with a digital certificate or Cl@ve, through the Bank of Spain’s electronic office: the answer arrives in about fifteen minutes on a working day.
2
By post, with the official form FDU-031 signed and a copy of your identity document.
3
In person, by appointment at a Bank of Spain office.
The maximum resolution period is ten working days. A representative holding a notarial power of attorney and the heirs of a deceased person may also request it, providing evidence of their status.
If there is an error, it can be corrected
Here is the nuance that decides the outcome: the Bank of Spain cannot change the data on its own, because it is not its data. Only the institution that declared it can amend it. The claim is free, is filed on form FDU-030, and the institution must reply to you and to the Bank of Spain within fifteen working days for individuals, twenty for companies. Aiming that claim properly — and at whom — is half the work.
How we help
- Obtaining the detailed report, electronically or as your authorised representative if you would rather not wrestle with the digital certificate.
- Translating it into plain language: what each code means, which institution declared what, and what you actually still owe.
- Preparing the rectification claim when something does not add up, and following it until the record changes.
- Using it as the starting point if your situation points towards Spain’s fresh-start insolvency law. See the fresh-start insolvency law · Get a digital certificate
News and official notices
Updated daily from official sources (BOE, ministries and public bodies).
The Bank of Spain cannot amend the data on its own
The Central Credit Register does not own the debt: only the reporting institution can amend what it declared. The claim is free, filed on form FDU-030, and the institution must reply within fifteen working days for individuals and twenty for companies.