A wrong entry on your CIRBE report — a loan you already paid off that still shows as live, a balance higher than reality, a guarantee you no longer hold, or an operation you simply do not recognise — can block a mortgage or a new loan even when you owe nothing. The good news: correcting it is free by law, and the claim is not addressed to your bank — it goes to the Bank of Spain. Here is how, step by step.
Start from the detailed report, the one that names each institution and each operation — the aggregate one, which only gives totals, is no use here. If you do not have it yet, here is how to request your CIRBE report. Then pin down exactly what is wrong: which institution declared it, the amount, the type of product and the date.
Here is the nuance that decides the outcome: the claim goes to the Bank of Spain, not to your bank. It is free, and it is filed on the official FDU-030 form, stating precisely which piece of data is inaccurate or incomplete and what it should say instead. Attach your identity document and, above all, your evidence: proof of payment, the deed cancelling the mortgage or guarantee, the settlement letter, any correspondence with the lender. Evidence is what moves a claim. You can file it online at the Bank of Spain’s electronic office (with a digital certificate or Cl@ve) or by post.
The Bank of Spain forwards your claim immediately to the institution that declared the data. That institution then has fifteen working days to correct it — or to justify its refusal — and it must report the outcome both to you and to the register itself. (When the affected party is a company, rectification through the institution runs to twenty working days.)
If it does not answer, or refuses without good reason, an individual can take the matter to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) — the data-protection right of rectification sits behind the CIRBE mechanism. Keep every reply and every date: a clean paper trail is what the AEPD looks at. We won’t promise a particular outcome, but a claim drafted properly and backed by the right documents is what carries weight.
If the entry is there because someone used your identity to borrow, that is a fraud track of its own (report plus claim), not a simple correction. And remember the CIRBE is not a defaulters’ list: if you are also flagged in a private register such as ASNEF, that is a different file with its own procedure. If the debt is real but you cannot pay it, the road may instead be the fresh-start insolvency law.
Want us to draft the FDU-030, gather the evidence and follow the claim until the record changes? Assess your case for free and we take it from there.